Compiled by the Car Insurance for 18 Year Olds editorial team · Tables rebuilt · Download the lead table (CSV)
Fatal-crash involvement by driver age, 2023
Drivers aged 16 to 20 were involved in fatal crashes at a rate of 42.40 per 100,000 licensed drivers in 2023, which is 1.74× the rate for all drivers (24.38). They hold 5.0% of licenses and account for 8.9% of drivers in fatal crashes.
The rate falls in every age band up to 65 to 74 (15.44, or 0.63× the average) and turns up slightly for drivers over 74 (16.63). Insurers price age on claim data of this shape, which is why premiums are highest in the first licensed years, fall through middle age and edge up again late in life.
| Age group | Licensed drivers | Drivers in fatal crashes | Per 100,000 licensed drivers | Index (all drivers = 1.00) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 to 20 | 11,987,688 | 5,133 | 42.40 | 1.74 |
| 21 to 24 | 14,432,685 | 5,101 | 35.34 | 1.45 |
| 25 to 34 | 41,125,124 | 11,916 | 28.97 | 1.19 |
| 35 to 44 | 40,851,641 | 9,876 | 24.18 | 0.99 |
| 45 to 54 | 37,392,958 | 8,116 | 21.70 | 0.89 |
| 55 to 64 | 38,874,729 | 7,560 | 19.45 | 0.80 |
| 65 to 74 | 32,076,696 | 4,954 | 15.44 | 0.63 |
| Over 74 | 20,795,179 | 3,458 | 16.63 | 0.68 |
| All drivers | 237,655,885 | 57,939 | 24.38 | 1.00 |
Full coverage cost by state: liability, collision and comprehensive, 2023
A policy carrying all three coverages averaged $1,438 countrywide in 2023: $737 for liability, $464 for collision and $238 for comprehensive. That is 1.95× the liability premium alone.
We call that ratio the full-coverage multiple. It ranges from 1.54× in Nevada, where liability is most of the bill, to 3.06× in South Dakota, where comprehensive alone costs more than liability.
| State | Liability | Collision | Comprehensive | All three | Full-coverage multiple |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | $1,294 | $469 | $230 | $1,994 | 1.54× |
| Louisiana | $1,052 | $581 | $346 | $1,979 | 1.88× |
| New York | $1,116 | $541 | $239 | $1,896 | 1.70× |
| District of Columbia | $891 | $664 | $264 | $1,818 | 2.04× |
| Georgia | $1,046 | $473 | $227 | $1,746 | 1.67× |
| Texas | $798 | $529 | $400 | $1,727 | 2.16× |
| Rhode Island | $984 | $540 | $186 | $1,710 | 1.74× |
| New Jersey | $1,033 | $491 | $170 | $1,693 | 1.64× |
| Colorado | $782 | $427 | $447 | $1,655 | 2.12× |
| Maryland | $869 | $514 | $220 | $1,602 | 1.84× |
| Nevada | $1,040 | $424 | $136 | $1,600 | 1.54× |
| Michigan | $765 | $570 | $237 | $1,572 | 2.05× |
| Delaware | $962 | $423 | $184 | $1,569 | 1.63× |
| South Carolina | $879 | $386 | $251 | $1,517 | 1.72× |
| Connecticut | $854 | $478 | $177 | $1,508 | 1.77× |
| Arizona | $793 | $436 | $275 | $1,504 | 1.90× |
| California | $660 | $607 | $150 | $1,417 | 2.15× |
| Massachusetts | $710 | $520 | $183 | $1,413 | 1.99× |
| Mississippi | $637 | $444 | $314 | $1,395 | 2.19× |
| Oklahoma | $566 | $421 | $338 | $1,325 | 2.34× |
| Missouri | $614 | $400 | $308 | $1,323 | 2.15× |
| New Mexico | $624 | $418 | $259 | $1,301 | 2.09× |
| Arkansas | $539 | $466 | $292 | $1,297 | 2.41× |
| Utah | $746 | $378 | $160 | $1,285 | 1.72× |
| Pennsylvania | $567 | $465 | $241 | $1,274 | 2.24× |
| Alabama | $576 | $452 | $241 | $1,269 | 2.20× |
| Oregon | $751 | $352 | $165 | $1,268 | 1.69× |
| Alaska | $624 | $458 | $180 | $1,262 | 2.02× |
| Illinois | $598 | $440 | $219 | $1,257 | 2.10× |
| Virginia | $627 | $407 | $204 | $1,238 | 1.98× |
| Washington | $708 | $373 | $154 | $1,235 | 1.74× |
| West Virginia | $523 | $402 | $302 | $1,227 | 2.35× |
| Minnesota | $542 | $360 | $321 | $1,223 | 2.26× |
| Tennessee | $542 | $441 | $229 | $1,212 | 2.24× |
| Kentucky | $633 | $358 | $218 | $1,208 | 1.91× |
| Nebraska | $484 | $356 | $344 | $1,184 | 2.45× |
| Montana | $472 | $346 | $365 | $1,184 | 2.51× |
| Kansas | $483 | $349 | $349 | $1,182 | 2.44× |
| Wyoming | $390 | $338 | $452 | $1,180 | 3.03× |
| South Dakota | $378 | $307 | $473 | $1,158 | 3.06× |
| North Carolina | $448 | $441 | $208 | $1,097 | 2.45× |
| Ohio | $485 | $363 | $189 | $1,038 | 2.14× |
| New Hampshire | $482 | $391 | $158 | $1,032 | 2.14× |
| Indiana | $485 | $357 | $189 | $1,032 | 2.13× |
| Iowa | $387 | $313 | $310 | $1,010 | 2.61× |
| Wisconsin | $447 | $315 | $239 | $1,000 | 2.24× |
| Hawaii | $464 | $417 | $117 | $998 | 2.15× |
| Idaho | $482 | $324 | $175 | $981 | 2.04× |
| North Dakota | $332 | $320 | $309 | $961 | 2.90× |
| Vermont | $381 | $385 | $191 | $958 | 2.51× |
| Maine | $425 | $336 | $165 | $926 | 2.18× |
| United States | $737 | $464 | $238 | $1,438 | 1.95× |
Where the numbers come from
Where the premium figures come from. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners collects written premiums and written exposures for private passenger auto insurance from statistical agents and state insurance departments. Its 2023 Auto Insurance Database supplement, published in June 2025, covers 2019 to 2023. It is the most recent edition. Unlike rate surveys built from sample quotes, it reflects premiums that were actually written.
Average premium for a coverage is that coverage's written premium divided by its written exposures. An exposure is one car insured for one year. Average expenditure is the premium for liability, collision and comprehensive together, divided by liability exposures, so it reflects the fact that some vehicles carry liability only.
What we calculate. Three figures on this page are our arithmetic on the NAIC tables and are not published by the NAIC. The full-coverage multiple is the sum of the three average premiums divided by the liability average. The liability-only share is 100% minus the larger of the collision and comprehensive exposure counts as a share of liability exposures; it assumes a vehicle with the less common of those two coverages also carries the more common one, and it counts insured car-years, not people. The 10× threshold is ten times the average collision plus comprehensive premium, rounded to the nearest $100.
Limits of the data. Averages cover every driver, vehicle, limit and deductible in a state, so they describe a state's market and not what any one driver will be quoted. The NAIC cautions that state-to-state comparisons need care because laws, traffic density, coverage choices and repair costs differ. California's 2022 and 2023 figures are preliminary, and Texas comprehensive exposures are estimated by the NAIC from collision data. Liability premiums include uninsured motorist, medical payments and personal injury protection.
Crash involvement by age. Counts of licensed drivers come from the Federal Highway Administration and drivers in fatal crashes from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, for 2023. The index is each age band's rate divided by the rate for all drivers. It measures fatal crashes per licensed driver, not per mile, and not insurance claims.
Updates. These tables are rebuilt when a source publishes a new edition, and the change is logged on the updates page. Every figure was checked against the published tables when it was transcribed; if you find a discrepancy, tell us.
Questions & answers
What is the average cost of car insurance?
U.S. drivers paid an average of $1,281.60 per insured vehicle in 2023, the latest year the NAIC has published. A policy with liability, collision and comprehensive averaged $1,438.
How much has car insurance gone up?
Average expenditure rose 19.2% between 2019 and 2023, from $1,075.08 to $1,281.60 per insured vehicle.
What percentage of drivers have liability-only car insurance?
An estimated 20.1% of insured vehicles carried neither collision nor comprehensive in 2023. 76.5% carried collision and 79.9% carried comprehensive.
How much riskier are young drivers than average?
In 2023, drivers aged 16 to 20 were involved in fatal crashes at 42.40 per 100,000 licensed drivers, 1.74× the all-driver rate of 24.38. Drivers 65 to 74 had the lowest rate, 15.44.
Why will my own quote differ from these averages?
A state average blends every driver, vehicle, coverage limit and deductible. Your price depends on your record, vehicle, mileage, address and the coverage you pick, and insurers weigh those differently, which is why comparing several quotes for the same coverage is the only way to see your own number.
Sources and references
Legal figures on this page (minimum limits, filing periods, statutory benefits) are checked against the primary law or the state insurance regulator listed below. Links and figures last verified Nov 2026.
- Facts + Statistics: Highway safety — Insurance Information Institute (2025)Statistical dataCrash and fatality trends. Drivers in fatal crashes per 100,000 licensed drivers, 2023: 42.40 (16–20), 35.34 (21–24), 28.97 (25–34), 24.18 (35–44), 21.70 (45–54), 19.45 (55–64), 15.44 (65–74), 16.63 (over 74), 24.38 all ages.
- 2023 Auto Insurance Database: average premium supplement — National Association of Insurance Commissioners (2025)Statistical dataState tables, 2019–2023, of written premiums, written exposures (insured car-years) and average premiums for liability, collision and comprehensive. Countrywide 2023: average expenditure $1,281.60; liability $737, collision $463.69, comprehensive $238.21 per insured vehicle. NAIC cautions that state-to-state comparisons need care.
Practical guidance on this page is original editorial work. Cited sources support factual statements and do not endorse this site. Dollar ranges described as typical or illustrative are editorial estimates, not figures from these sources.